Drug Testing In Schools. The Topic Of Random Drug Testing

Drug Testing in Schools The topic of random drug testing has been a very controversial one, especially in the last few years. RSDT (random student drug testing) made a rise in popularity after being legalized by the United States Supreme Court in 2006. This ruling made testing students who participate in extracurriculars or drive to school able to be tested for illegal drug abuse. This court decision is like many others in the aspect that some strongly agree and others heavily disagree. One side of opinions agrees with the court s ruling and believes that RSDT programs help prevent drug abuse among the student population. Other people think that the programs infringe on the rights of students and offer no usefulness in the fight against†¦show more content†¦It is important to note that if a student is caught with drugs in their system, rehabilitation and restriction of extracurriculars are the repercussions. These people also argue that the tests are not too expensive. Thirt y dollars or less was the pre-program cost; this data held true for 91 percent of surveyors. In contrast to the people who believe that drug testing is helpful and necessary in schools, others have a sharp difference in opinions. These people think that â€Å"random drug testing is not associated with a change in the numbers of students who use drugs in any category† (â€Å"Random Drug Testing Cannot Prevent Student Drug Abuse†). Disbelievers in the programs believe that they violate student rights and feed more money into the drug testing industry. It is also said that since the testing can only target students who participate in extracurriculars, students can easily get around the tests by simply not participating in those activities. Evidence of these accusations come from a study out of The University of Michigan called Monitoring the Future. This study showed little to no difference in drug abuse among students when comparing schools that participate in the RSDT and have similar demographic backgrounds. Non supporters also think the programs are ineffectiv e. These ideas are backed up by The Office of Management and Budget, where they deemed the programs ineffective in reducing youth drug use, violence, and crime. They also believe thatShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing Should Not Be Banned1285 Words   |  6 PagesDebate over drug testing students in school is very controversial. Drug testing students gives the school administration the power to drug test random students at any time. Various schools across the country have implemented these tests. Parents have very different views on this topic. Some believe that this gives the administration too much power. They also believe that these tests infringe on students rights. Other people believe that these tests are very helpful in decreasing the amount of studentsRead MoreYouth Drug Use And Addiction1677 Words   |  7 PagesYouth Drug Use and Addiction Youth in the United States face challenges every day, some more than others. These challenges can be difficult to navigate and can leave these young people finding alternative ways to cope with the stress that accompanies these challenges. According to CBS News reports a recent survey indicates approximately two million teens between the ages of 12 and 17 currently need treatment for a substance abuse problem, but only about 150,000 get the help they need. This highRead MoreArgument Essay Random Drug Testing859 Words   |  4 PagesARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM DRUG TESTING Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. 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Dr. Ozminkowki claims that â€Å"Over 80% of the large employers in the United States use some form of testing to detect drug use† (Ozminkowski et al. 151) Ever since drug testing was introduced in the 1980’s, there has been a debate over its use. Before this is discussed in detail, I will begin by defining drug testing. According to dictionary.com drug testing is â€Å"any test administered to detect the presence of drugs, esp. from a bloodRead More Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay3750 Words   |  15 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug testing has become a very big issue for many companies. Approximately eighty-one percent of companies in the United States administer drug testing to their employees. Of these, seventy-seven percent of companies test employees prior to employment. Even with the commonality of drug testing, it is still a practice that is generally limited to larger corporations which have the financial stability, as well as the human resources to effectively carry out a drug testing program. In the UnitedRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease is less fatal and is treated as a chronic disease (instead of a death sentence, as in the past). There are currently 1.2 million people living in the US with HIV (CDC, 2015). The highest rates transmitted through sexual intercourse or injection drug use through the exchange of bodily fluids (CDC, 2015). It is estimated that 25% of those living with HIV are women, and only 45% of those are engag ed in care (CDC, 2015; Duffus, Davis, Byrd, Heidari, Stephens, Gibson, 2012). Minority women, especially

Persuasive Speech On Global Warming - 1554 Words

(Topic = Issue): Climate Change Title: Destroying the Atmosphere One Greenhouse Gas at a Time General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to help reduce climate change and stop deforestation by buying wood products from certified companies that help forests. Thesis Statement/Central Idea: Climate change is big problem in our world and we are cause, because of our human-induced climate change we are causing extreme weather all around the world, one solution to this problem is stopping deforestation, and we can do that through strong government enforcement of deforestation laws. Introduction I. (Attention Getter) 2016 was a record setting year for climate change. The first six months were the warmest that have†¦show more content†¦(Transition to Body) Since we all living on the Earth and contributing to climate change, let us find out what it is and how it is causing extreme weather. Body I. (Main Point = Need) According to NASA climate is made up of two things. Those two things are the climates of certain locations during the different seasons and the Earth’s climate which is a combination of all those different induvial climates. A) (Subpoint) Climate change is the change of climate in a locations usual weather during different seasons. Once all of these separate climates begin to change so does the Earth’s. 1) (Sub-subpoint) According to the EPA we are seeing rising levels in the Earth’s temperature, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and we are experiencing more extreme weather events. This climate change can be linked to extreme rises in manmade greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. 2) (Sub-sub-subpoint) From 1990 to 2014 we have seen an increase in manmade greenhouse gas levels by 7 percent. 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Young Blacks and the Crisis African-American Culture free essay sample

The crawls facing young blacks, also referred to as the hip hop generation, Is one that is multifaceted and contains various layers. Young Blacks today are being faced with a number of challenges within their community and within society as a whole. These challenges include, rising unemployment, racial profiling, high levels of incarceration, the AIDS epidemic, an increasing generation gap, as well as a growing education achievement gap.When coupling these many challenges with the glorification of drugs, violence, money, and the degradation of women that Is often remoter within the hip hop culture, the future of young blacks In todays society remains at-risk and in crisis. Therefore the question remains, how do we address the crisis facing African American youth today? There is no doubt that the answer to this question will not easy. We must first determine, who is this so-called hip hop generation, and look at the history and emergence of this generation of young people within Afric an American culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Blacks and the Crisis African-American Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We must then explore how this generation was shaped. What are the events and occurrences that have shaped this generation and contributed to the crisis this generation now faces? This includes an examination of the society, culture, politics, and pop culture of the sasss and sasss, which the hip hop generation grew up in. Once we examine and understand those issues that have fashioned this young generation of African Americans, we can then begin to explore solutions to the crisis that has negatively affected many of todays black youth.Although the challenges are many, so are the possibilities of overcoming the crisis many young Black people face. The solution Involves the African American community, as well as society as whole coming together to face the challenges this generation is battling. It involves an examination of public policy and a strong look at our government. And finally, it involves a serious critique of the hip hop culture and pop culture that have such a large influe nce on African American youth today. Who makes up the hip hop generation, and who does this demographic consist of?The term help hop generation Is used mostly to describe the generation growing up In the sasss and 1 buffs. Many have termed this group of young people as Generation X. However, when speaking specifically about young Black people, for many the term hip hop generation was much more fitting. One of the first coiners of the term was Baker Kitting, head editor of The Source: the magazine of hip-hop music culture and politics, during the sasss. Kitting defines the generation as those born between 1965-1984, basically those growing up In post-civil rights Black America (Sultana, 2002).Although hip hop music, culture, and politics have changed quite a bit over the almost 20 year span that makes up the hip hop generation, many of the issues and challenges facing this generation of young people have remained consistent. As Kitting noted, individuals may point to different defining vents, but all share a crystal cl ear understanding of coming of age in an era of post- segregation and global economics (Kitting, 2002). Essentially, the hip hop generation consists of Black youths that are aware of the progress that has been the struggle that remains for young African Americans living in todays society.Despite the progress made during the sasss Civil Rights Movement, young Black people are still faced with new forms of racism such a racial profiling and redlining. Additionally, they must deal with large disparities in employment and education in comparison to their white counterparts. The reality of such challenges have left Black youths feeling marginalia and unconnected to society as a whole, as they struggle to deal with the crisis before them. Let us now examine the challenges and issues that have impacted the coming of age and of the hip hop generation, and contributed to the crisis they face.Unlike their parents, who would be considered part of the Baby Boomer generation, the hip hop generation was shaped by events and public policy occurring after the civil rights movement. The segregation an d Jim Crow laws that were part of the coming of age for the baby boomer generation, was not experienced by the hip hop generation. Instead, the hip hop generations coming of age was influenced by more subtle forms of racism and discrimination, such as racial profiling. The emergence of racial profiling can be heavily contributed to the Reagan administrations well known War on Drugs beginning in the sasss.This public policy debacle had a very large hand in birthing racial profiling practices that still exist today. Racial profiling is based on the idea that most drug offenses are committed by minorities (Harris, 1999). Contrary to what many may believe the majority of drug traffickers are not mostly Black. In an UCLA special report Harris noted that, according to the governments own reports, 80% of the country cocaine users are white, and the typical cocaine user is a middle class, white suburbanite. But law enforcement tactics that concentrated on inner city drug trade were visibly filling the Jails and prisons with minority drug law offenders, feeding the misconception that most drug users and dealers were Bla ck and Latino. Thus a drug courier profile with unmistakable racial overtones took hold in law enforcement. (Harris, 1999) This drug courier profile served as the basis for unwarranted stops ND searches of vehicles driven by people of color as well as the unwarranted stops and searches of Black people in malls, airports, and even on the streets.This practice of racial profiling led to a disproportionate number of young Blacks being arrested and imprisoned during the sasss and sasss. A study by the Justice Department showed that at the state level the number of Blacks incarcerated for drug offenses increased 707% between 1985 and 1995, compared to only 306% of Whites (Kitting, 2002). By 1996 62% of drug offenders admitted to state prisons were Black, compared to 36% that were White. This disproportionate number of young Blacks being incarcerated has tremendously affected the hip hop generation in a major way.The staggering number of young Black that are incarcerated, has led to a negative image of crystallization as related to Black youth. Since so many Black youth are imprisoned, it is easy to assume that they must also be the ones committing the most crimes. Thus more minorities are arrested, convicted, and Jailed, feeding into the aforementioned drug courier profile, resulting in more arrests of minorities, and perpetuating the stereotype that most crimes are committed by Black people (Harris, 999). As this cyclical pattern continues, it is also strengthened by the medias unfair portrayal of Blacks as criminals.According to Kitting (2002), a 2001 study found that Being that many Americans depend on the news as a source of information, they are continually being misled about young Black people and their association with crime. In addition to the disproportionately high incarceration of young Blacks, there is also a disproportionately high number of Black unemployed youth, contributing to the crisis among those in the hip hop generation. In the article, The Black-White Jobless Gap, Simms and McDaniel report that only one in three of Blacks between the ages of 16 and 24 have a Job, while only 16% of Whites are unemployed (Simms and McDaniel, 2010).These disproportionate figures can mostly be attributed to the lack of education or achievement gap that exists between young Whites and Blacks. Unfortunately, many young African Americans in the sass lacked the education needed to compete in a growing global society, and unfortunately this cycle continues, as statistics show that 20-30% of Black males drop out of school prior to graduation (Encourage, 1997) Therefore, they were forced to low-skilled, low-paying bobs, which were few and far between.Those growing up in the hip hop generation simply did not have the opportunities their parents had as unskilled workers, having the opportunity to work in the steel, rubber, and automotive industries. By the time the hip hop generation began to enter into the workforce, many of these industries had dried up. According to Dry. Pedro Encourage (1997), studies have shown that Black males in particular are widely viewed as less desirable employees and therefore are substantially less likely to be hired in most Jobs. The rise of unemployment only led o a rise of poverty among many hip hop generations, thus contributing to the growing n ormalization and disenfranchisement of Black youth. As feelings of normalization grew due to racial profiling, the crystallization of young Blacks, and the lack of employment opportunities, many young Blacks began to turn to a life of crime. With no viable employment aspects, many youths turned to the underground drug market as the only way to survive as poverty in many inner cities continued to increase.This led to an increase in gang activity and drug trade. Unfortunately, many African American youths felt they could do better financially in the drug trade than in mainstream society (Kitting, 2002). The street gang mentality spilled over into the prison population of young Blacks. As more Black youth were incarcerated, there was a rise of prison gangs. Soon the difference between Black street gangs, Black prison gangs, and Black youth culture in general was difficult to differentiate, thus contributing to the crystallization of young Blacks.Soon the line was indistinguishable even for hip hop generations, leading many young Black youth to associate criminality with Blackness (Kitting, 2002). This can largely be attributed to the changing face of hip hop music and culture. As hip hop culture evolved (more specifically) rap music, the glorification of gangster life became more and more popular. Aspects of gang and prison life quickly made its way into rap lyrics, and as hip hop culture became more commercialism, this gangster mentality eventually made its way into mainstream society, thus influencing more and more members of the hip hop generation.In addition to rap music and lyrics, the emergence of Black hood films, which perpetuated drugs and violence, were on the rise between 1991 and 2001 (Kitting, 002). Unfortunately, many of these films Just perpetuated the stereotypes already such as Boys in the Hood, and Menace to Society, while praised for shedding light to many of the issues affecting everyday inner city Black youth, are also criticized for the excessive and graphic violence they portray.Many of these movies only contribute to the alienation of young Blacks in society. Seeing violence and crime as the only way of life (as portrayed through these movies) only leads to a sense of acceptance of violence and criminal behavior as part of the Black youth culture. In addition to the crises situations caused by incarceration, unemployment, lack of education, and glorification of violence, there is also a noticeable discord between male and female Black youths that contributes to the crisis among the hip hop generation.Rap music and hood films have not only contributed to the normalization of Black youths from society, but have also contributed to the rift or Battle of the sexes between young Black males and females. Degrading terms such as Hoe, and Pitch, have repeatedly been used to describe African American women in hip hop culture. The film New Jack City is a prime example of the degradation of women, as women in the movie were viewed as less valuable than drugs and money (Kitting, 2002). Women are continually disrespected and degraded throughout the film.Additionally, this type of mentality is ever present in numerous rap lyrics that continually depict young Black women as hoes, creekers, and tricks. Many of the negative sentiments betwee n young Black women and young Black men of the hip hop generation came to a head in 2004 during Seaplane Colleges protest of rapper Knells Tip Drill video, played regularly on BETs late night died program, Uncut. (Watkins, 2005). The video is filled with images of women simulating sex, dancing naked, and overall being degraded by men. Knells Tip Drill video caused an uproar on the campus of Seaplane University in Atlanta.The women of Seaplane staged a protest against the video that gained national attention. Even more importantly, the protest exposed a much deeper rift between young Black males and females of the hip hop generation. It brought to light the divide ever present divide between the sexes as women struggled to fight the women-hating inclinations associated with hip hop music and film (Watkins, 2005). Unfortunately this hatred and contempt toward young Black females from young Black males spills over into youth Black culture, thus adding yet another facet to growing crisis among Black youths. So, where do we go from here?How do hip hop generations begin to reverse the crisis that has affected them for so long? I believe the answer is hip hop. Just as hip hop has the ability to negatively impact image and treatment of young Black men and women, it also has the ability to positively impact the lives of young Black Americans and Black culture in general. It has been argued that music is one f the most influential instruments in shaping the country. Even politicians have turned to musicians to help their political campaigns, recognizing the large impact artists within the music industry have on mainstream society.Hip hop has proven to be a part of that impact and influence found within the music industry. As Kitting noted in his book, The Hip Hop Generation (2002), Rapper Chuck D of the group Public Enemy went as far as to describe rap music as the the Black CNN. Hip hop proved during the sasss that its presence was real and was being felt across America as it came an accep ted and acknowledged as part of American pop culture, and not Just youth culture to a national audience, it also sets the tone for Black youth culture. Kitting, 2002). With such National and Worldwide acceptance, one can only conclude that such a phenomenon has the ability to affect change. Just as Hip hop culture has had a hand in contributing to the crisis facing young Blacks, it can also have a hand in repairing the plight of Black youth culture. As Kitting (2002) suggests in his book, a united front could challenge the rap industry to finally resolve the issue of hip-hops responsibility to Black cultural integrity. Instead of Just a handful of conscious rappers like Common and Queen Latish, more artists must step up their lyrical content so that socially responsive lyrics are as prominent in rap lyrics as those degrading lyrics that perpetuate the racial stereotypes that plaque Black youth culture today (Kitting, 2002). In addition to industry leaders and rappers, Black youth culture and society as whole must step up and begin to hold rappers accountable for their lyrical content, Just as the women of Seaplane College did with Knells Tip Drill video.Rappers and filmmakers will never accept responsibility if we do not hold them accountable for their degrading lyrics and stereotypical feature of young Black people in their music and films. We must also not forget that politicians must also be scrutinized and examined closely as they introduce new forms of legislation and public policy that also contribute to the disenfranchisement of young African Americans. Public policy initiatives such as the sasss War on Drugs and mandatory minimum sentencing that only contribute to the crisis facing young Black people must be criticized and protested against Just as much as degrading rap lyrics.

Treatening Ebola Virus Essay Example For Students

Treatening Ebola Virus Essay In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused thedeath of 340 people. Fear gripped the victims faces, and uncertainty torturedtheir minds. The people of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in theirhomes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but there was no cure. They wereforced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violentdeath of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 to the present date of 1996,researchers have searched for origin and cure of the virus. Scientists havecarried out numerous studies and investigations, but no one has been able tofind the right explanations. Prevention of a world wide outbreak lies within theeducation of what the virus is capable of doing, how Ebola victims can beproperly treated , and by performing prompt action to isolate the virus beforeit has dispersed. The Ebola virus is a member of a family of RNA viruses know asfiloviruses. Marburg virus and four Ebola viruses: Ebola Zaire, Sudan, Restonand Tai are the five different viruses that have been known to cause disease inhumans, while Ebola Reston only causes disease within monkeys. Filoviruses,arenaviruses, flaviruses, and bunyaviruses are the viruses responsible forcausing viral hemorrhagic fevers. All forms of virus of viral hemorrhagic feverbegin with fever and muscle aches. These diseases usually progress until thepatient becomes very ill with respiratory problems, severe bleeding, kidneymalfunctions, and shock. The conclusions of the viral hemorrhagic fever canrange from a mild illness to death. Ebola viruses are spread though closepersonal contact with a person who is very ill with the disease. Usually thewide spread action of the virus takes place among hospital care workers orfamily members who were aiding an infected person. Ebola can spread by the reuseof hypodermic needles, which occurs frequently in underdeveloped countries likeZaire and Sudan, but it is unlikely to become infected by close contact with persons infected who show no symptoms. The Ebola virus spreads through the bloodand is replicated in organs, including the liver, lymphatic organs, kidneys,ovaries and testes. The central lesions appear to be those affecting thevascular endothelium and the platelets. The resulting symptoms are bleeding,especially in the nose, abdomen, pericardium and vagina. Capillary leakageappears to lead to loss of intravascular volume, bleeding, shock and the acuterespiratory disorder seen in fatal cases. Patients basically die of intractableshock. Those with severe illness often have fevers and are delirious, combativeand difficult to control. Some victims of the Ebola virus, one out of ten peopleinfected, survive the viruss deadly operations. Due to its self limitingnature, the Ebola virus is known to sometimes die out within a person beforekilling the host organism. Just like the history of wars and other socialepidemics, the Ebola outbreaks need to be remembered and learned from. The firsttw o Ebola outbreaks were in 1976, in the countries of Zaire and western Sudan. We will write a custom essay on Treatening Ebola Virus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These were large outbreaks, resulting in more than 550 cases and 340 deaths. In1979, Ebola mysteriously appeared in Sudan causing 34 cases and 22 fatalities. The most recent Ebola Zaire outbreak started with a surgery on a suspectedMalaria patient in Kikwit, Zaire on April 10, 1995. As in the 1976 outbreak,secondary transmission of the virus in Kikwit occurred though close personalcontact with infectious blood and other body fluids. Members of the surgicalteam then developed symptoms similar to those of a viral hemorrhagic feverdisease. The Ebola Zaire in Kikwit spread quickly, but investigation and controlof the outbreak come from a combined effort of medical teams from the Centersfor disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization,Belgium, France, and South African countries. Since July 1, 1995, 233 deathshave been reported among the 293 cases. So has the Ebola virus ever made it tothe United States? This question has come up in various letters to editors, andin FAQ (frequently asked questions) on the Internet. Truth is that in 1989monkeys infected with Ebola Reston were imported to Reston, Virginia from thePhilippin es. Importation of African Green and rhesus monkeys was immediatelybrought to a halt, and was not resumed until the virus responsible for the quickdeaths of these monkeys was analyzed. The scariest characteristic about theEbola Reston was that it was known to have been airborne, and that it wasefficiently killing the monkeys that had been imported form the Philippines (Palca,1990). Reston, Virginia and the 149 workers who came in contact with the monkeyswere grateful to find that the newly discovered Ebola Reston did not causedisease in humans. Of the 149 workers, none of the workers became ill and onlytwo developed antibodies for the Ebola Reston (Marjorie, 1990). The outbreaks of1976 and 1979 left no evidence to what might have been carrying the Ebola beforeit was passed onto humans. To this date no clues have been uncovered about wherethe virus hides between outbreaks. Collection of animal specimens is currentlyunderway in Kikwit, but the possible species in tropical Africa are s o numerousthat a long and lucky search is likely to be required. The Ebola Tai found onNovember 24, 1995 by a Swiss researcher in Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast), WestAfrica. The researcher caught the Ebola Tai from a chimpanzee while carrying outan investigation about a spate of deaths among local chimps of the Tai forest. .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .postImageUrl , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:visited , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:active { border:0!important; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:active , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: System Architecture EssayWhen the Pasteur investigators examined tissue taken from the dead chimpanzee,they found that the animals spleen and liver contained large areas of necrotictissue resembling what had previously been found in autopsies of patients whoperished from Ebola Zaire and Sudan. Instant investigation of the 4200square-kilometer reserve of the Tai forest was launched, but to this day notrace to the location of Ebola has been found. The researcher was evacuated to ahospital in Switzerland where she recovered. The dedicated researcher has nowreturned to Ivory Coast to continue her work. During most of these outbreaks,field teams of researchers have captured mor e than 3,000 birds and mammals,including small rodents and several thousand possible insects. Material of theseanimals are now being processed for virus isolation. Blood samples of anestimated 64 suspected cases have also been serologically confirmed. Still tothis day, many questions like Where is Ebola originally from? andWill Ebola Zaire, Sudan, or Tai be able to become air- born? remaina mystery. Bibliographyhttp://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/5738/level2.html (Ebola VirusInformation Head Quarters)copyright 1999 and http://www.lfc.edu/~musilam/bio1.htmcopyright 1997Health Care

Foreword What is a Foreword, Do I Need One, How Do I Write One

Foreword What is a Foreword, Do I Need One, How Do I Write One Foreword: What is a Foreword, Do I Need One, and How Do I Write One? If youre confused about what a foreword is, youre not alone.A new writer, especially someone looking to self-publish a book, has a steep learning curve ahead of them.There are so many new skills to learn- building and managing a book launch team, finding a book cover design, making Amazon Marketing Services work for you, et cetera- and new vocabulary words to go along with them.Here are the questions about forewords we answer:What is a forewordHow to write a forewordDo I need a foreword for my book?Who should write a foreword?What should be included?Whats the difference between a foreword and introduction?Whats the difference between a foreword and a preface?Whats the difference between a foreword and a prologue?NOTE: Dont sweat the small stuff like this! We cover all of what you need (including forewords) in VIP Self-Publishing Program that helps you not only publish your book, but do so for long-term success. Learn more about it hereWhat is a Foreword? A foreword is a piece of writ ing that serves to introduce the reader to the author and the book, usually written by someone who is not the author or an editor of the book. Forewords can also serve as a sort of endorsement for the book.If the author does write the foreword, it might be to explain how the book came to be, or their connection between the work and themselves- like Stephen King often does for his novels.The foreword always goes at the very front of the book (with one exception, which I’ll get into below), and it’s rarely more than a couple of pages long. You may see a foreword with either lowercase Roman numerals or typical Arabic numerals, or without any page numbering whatsoever. That is between you and your book formatter.How to Write a ForewordYou’re pretty sure you’ve seen forewords in books before, or maybe your favorite classic piece of literature has a foreword in the front. You’ve got a book now, or you’re well on your way to finishing it.Do you nee d a foreword, too? Do you need front matter at all?Then again, maybe you’re not new, and you’ve been around the proverbial block enough times to know your way around. Maybe you’ve gained enough recognition to be asked to write a foreword for someone else’s work.And maybe youre someone looking to write a foreword for someone elses book and have no idea where to start.Heres how to write a foreword:Understand what the author is looking forKnow the tone and style of the bookStart with a list of what you want to cover in the forewordMake sure to mention your credibilityTie your own experience back into the worth of the bookGet feedback from others and the authorMake any necessary changes to comply with what the author is looking forBe honest about the book and its impactDo I Need a Foreword for My Book?Now that we know what a foreword is, it’s time to get into the nitty-gritty of whether your book really needs one. This is what you’ve been waitin g for!The first thing to note is that a foreword is certainly not necessary. Plenty of books don’t have forewords, and never have them added on. Unless your book needs the elaboration and context a foreword provides, you won’t miss it.What you really need to consider is whether you’re writing fiction or nonfiction.A nonfiction book is far more likely to need a foreword than a novel, especially if the topic is dense or interesting, or the author has passed on. Again, Stephen King does tend to produce forewords for his own fiction novels but this is seen far less in authors who arent as established.For example, the fourth edition of The Elements of Style has a foreword by Roger Angell arguing that the guide is just as relevant today as it was the day Strunk and White turned the manuscript into the publisher.But if you are writing fiction, are you covering a period of history, or some other topic, in depth?A foreword may be helpful if the reader needs a bit of back ground knowledge to sink their teeth into your book. Charles Todd wrote a foreword explaining just who was the titular character of Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot: The Complete Short Stories.It’s also not uncommon for works of great literary renown to have a foreword added onto the original manuscript, or added as a way of explaining the difference between the current edition and past editions.Alice L. George’s foreword in the 150th-anniversary edition of Little Women by Louisa May Alcott was written to illustrate why the book is so beloved all these years later.Who Should Write a Foreword?A foreword could be written by several people, but not by just anyone.If you’re of the opinion that your work needs a foreword, approach an expert in the topic of the book or one of your peers in your field, especially if this person is well-known.This lends the book social proof.Unless you have something especially noteworthy to say, it’s probably best not to write your own book’s foreword. You may want to write a preface instead.That being said, if you’ve established yourself as an expert in your field, you may be asked to write a foreword for someone else.What Should Be Included in a Foreword?If you’ve been invited to write a foreword for a book, congratulations! What an honor, and what an impressive accomplishment to add to your resumà ©!Of course, every foreword will have needs as unique as the text that comes after, but here are some ideas for what you could include should you need to write one:Your relationship to the author (if you are or were contemporaries)How the author’s work affected you personallyYour opinion of the book, its protagonist, and/or themeThe book or author’s historical impactDifferences between the current and past editions of the book (if applicable)It’s also important when writing the foreword to strike the same tone as the rest of the book. Avoid writing a witty, hum orous foreword if the book is more serious, and vice-versa.You don’t want the writing styles to clash, or you risk jarring the reader when they turn the page.What’s the Difference Between a Foreword and an Introduction?The introduction is reserved for a book of non-fiction. It can be used to explain the content, but they can also be used to summarize the work.The introduction is sometimes comprised of everything that comes before the bulk of the text, meaning the foreword would be nestled within the introduction.Other times, the introduction is a separate section written by the author themselves.What’s the Difference Between a Foreword and a Preface?If you’re looking to write something like an introductory statement to your own book, you may want to write a preface.In a preface, you can include what your aim was in taking on the project and thank the people in your life who helped to make the book a reality.Unlike forewords, prefaces are always written by the author, and they’re not signed. If your work happens to include both, the foreword comes first.What’s the Difference Between a Foreword and a Prologue?A prologue is always written for fiction, and it takes place within your story’s world.Forewords never take place within your story’s world, unless you’re writing a fictional forward by one of your characters. You might do this if you’re writing as a fictitious person a l Daniel Handler.If your work happens to include both a prologue and a foreword, again, the foreword comes first.And again, a prologue isn’t signed. (You can probably guess why!)Forewords Can Be an Important Part of Your BookWhether or not to include a foreword in your book is- as is most of the art of writing- a matter of personal preference, but not preference alone. Consider what your particular work calls for.Only you can make that call.Trust yourself that you’ll make the right one.Ready to catapult your book to REALL success?Writing and publishing a book on your own isnt always enough.Yes, you have the full capability to make it happen but without extensive knowledge of the internal workings of Amazons search algorithm and a method to make sure your book lands on the top of lists, the long-term success of your book will suffer.We have exactly what for you.

How To Tell Time in Spanish

How To Tell Time in Spanish You can tell time in Spanish if you can count to 29 and learn a handful of words. Its that easy. Basic Rules for Telling Time in Spanish The basic way of telling time in Spanish is to use the singular form of ser (to be), which is es, for one oclock and the plural form, son, for other times. Minutes can be stated simply by separating them from the hour using y, the word for and. Es la una. (It is 1:00.)Es la una y dos. (It is 1:02.)Son las dos. (It is 2:00.)Son las tres. (It is 3:00.)Son las seis y cinco. (It is 6:05.)Son las siete y diez. (It is 7:10.)Son las once y diecinueve. (It is 11:19.) To indicate the half hour, use media (a word for half). Use cuarto (meaning fourth) to indicate the quarter hours. Es la una y media. (It is 1:30.)Son las cuatro y media. (It is 4:30.)Es la una y cuarto. (It is 1:15.) It is customary to use menos (a cognate of minus) to tell time during the second half of each hour, stating the number of minutes until the following hour. Es la una menos diez. (It is 12:50. It is 10 until 1.)Son las cinco menos cinco. (It is 4:55. It is 5 until 5.)Son las diez menos veinte. (It is 9:40. It is 20 until 10.)Son las ocho menos cuarto. (It is 7:45. It is quarter until 8.) Key Takeaways: Telling Time in Spanish The most common way of telling time on the hour in Spanish follows the pattern of es la una for 1:00 and son las [number] for later times.For incremental times, add y [number of minutes up to 29] after the hour and menos [number of minutes up to 29] before the hour.You can also use media and cuarto for the half-hours and quarter-hours, respectively. How To Include Time Periods of the Day In most of the Spanish-speaking world, both 12-hour and 24-hour clocks are used, the latter being common in schedules and similar printed materials. To indicate time of day when using the 12-hour clock, use de la madrugada for the wee hours of the morning, de la maà ±ana from then until noon (mediodà ­a), de la tarde between noon and early evening, and de la noche from evening to  midnight (medianoche). Es medianoche. (Its midnight.)Son las siete y cuarto de la maà ±ana. (Its 7:15 a.m. It is 7:15 in the morning.)Es mediodà ­a. (Its noon.)Son las cuatro menos cinco de la tarde. (Its 3:55 p.m. It is 5 before 4 in the afternoon.)Son las ocho y media de la noche. (Its 8:30 p.m. It is 8:30 at night.) The abbreviations a.m. (from the Latin ante meridiem) and p.m. (from the Latin post meridiem) can also be used as in English. Son las 4 y media a.m. (It is 4:30 a.m.)Son las 2 p.m. (It is 2 p.m.) Time in the Past When talking about the time that events took place, use the imperfect tense of ser. Era la una y cuatro de la madrugada. (It was 1:15 in the morning.)Era medianoche. (It was midnight.)Eran las once de la noche. (It was 11 at night.) Other Time Expressions Here are time-related expressions and words that can be useful: Son las tres y cuarto en punto. (Its 3:15 exactly.)Son las seis y media ms o menos. (Its about 6:30.)Salimos a las nueve. (We are leaving at 9:00.)Ser la una. Sern las tres. (It will be 1:00. It will be 3:00.)Buenos dà ­as. (Good day, good morning.)Buenas tardes. (Good afternoon, good evening (until about 8 p.m.).)Buenas noches.(Good evening, good night (as either a greeting or a farewell).) ¿Quà © hora es? (What time is it?) ¿A quà ©Ã‚  hora ...? (At what time ... ?) ¿Cundo ...? (When ... ?)el tiempo (time)el reloj (clock)el despertador, la alarma (alarm clock)el reloj, el reloj de pulsera (wristwatch) Sample Sentences Los Bombers de Mallorca llegaron a la zona a las dos y media de la tarde. (The Mallorca Bombers arrive in the area at 2:30 p.m.) Era ms oscuro que la medianoche. (It was darker than midnight.) La clase comienza a las 10 de la maà ±ana y termina a mediodà ­a. (The class begins at 10 a.m. and ends at noon.) El sbado tengo que levantarme a las cinco y media de la maà ±ana. (On Saturday I have to get up at 5:30 a.m.) Eran las siete de la tarde y no habà ­a nadie. (It was 7 p.m. and there was nobody there.)

Creating meaning in TV documentaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creating meaning in TV documentaries - Essay Example Thus, documentaries stand for 'Truth'. The three documentaries this write up attempts to analyse, belong to varied sub-genres of themes of documentaries. The first one is titles, the Fallign Man, the second one is Nanking, a documentary on war and the last one is called The Silent World, which is based on nature. Thus, all three documentaries belong to varied set-ups. The treatment of each documentary is different, in spite of the common elements that exist in all three documentaries. The Falling Man is a documentary based on a picture clicked by a photographer, during the September 11 attack on the twin towers. It is basically a depiction of a man falling from the one of the top stories of the twin towers, who chose to escape death caused by the burning fo the story and decided to end his life by jumping down, rather. The very purpose of this documentary is debatable. On one hand, it caused an uproar about how the media portrayed this picture, since it did not attach importance to the sanctity of the dead. On the other hand, as the documentary maker says, it captured the 'life' of a man who is dead now. It captured the very essence of his life, wherein he chose to die a death that was better than what it would have been! On a diverse note, The Falling Man is a revelation into the aftermaths of terrorism, and how society can be devastated and lives destroyed, by a single act of terror. The documentary is an authored one, with a voice-over. Therefore, the sound effects coincide more or less with the intonation and stress in the voice-over artiste's narration. The performers are real-life victims of the terrorist attack, and therefore, the depictions are very heart-rending and hit the audience directly. The images used are controversial, as mentioned above, regarding what the media should permit and what it needs to withhold. The colour used is very natural, since it is a depiction of a real life occurrence. Latest technology has been used to capture the moments, but the editing is very minimal, owing to the fact that the real fall cannot be doctored. NANKING The Documentary film, Nanking is based on the atrocities that are committed during war. The underlying message is certainly regarding the futility of war and how the motive behind war certainly causes distraught in man's life. It is based on the Japanese massacre at Nanjing, the Chinese capital, which killed numerous people. The genocide is the core theme of the documentary. Here again, the picture depiction is realistic. The background sound effects are quite moving, since they depict war. The colour used is black-and-white, since it was set during World War II. The images do depict violence, which is the very negative essence of war. This certainly creates a

Ann Radcliffe and the Gothic movement behing her literature Research Paper

Ann Radcliffe and the Gothic movement behing her literature - Research Paper Example Ann Radcliffe due to her reclusive nature was made the brunt of her contemporaries’ imagination and was accused of being a mad genius, a sorceress and a madwoman haunted by ghosts etc. Considered the most significant writer of the English Gothic genre, Ann Radcliffe changed the Gothic novel from a mere medium for the depiction of terror into a tool for exploring the psychology of terror and suspense. Her stress on emotion, insight, and the connection between atmosphere and sensibility helped make the way for the Romantic Movement in England. Radcliffes most famous novel, The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), is one of the principal examples of Gothic literature. (Onorato& Cengage, 1997)1 Ann Radcliffe was extremely popular in her day. Her application of Gothic techniques, her talent to rouse terror and curiosity in her readers by setting up events which were seemingly supernatural, but which were afterwards logically explained by ordinary means, was widely imitated by other writers but never surpassed. Her construction of tastefully imaginary horrors (taste was equal to quality) and her stress on the supernatural was modern and Romantic, whereas her logical explanations belonged to the ordered world of eighteenth century England. Thus her novels offered contemporary readers a chance to indulge their penchant for the bizarre, the outrà © and the unusual by generally hinting at the immoral, decadent and the supernatural while in due course rectifying matters ,from a societal viewpoint , by vindicating the old world virtues of a submissive woman. The nature of Ann Radcliffe’s novels was startling to her readers and she was reviled by some critics as a misleader of youth and women. But her admirers called her the mighty enchantress. Ann Radcliffe was born in a lower-middle class family in Holborn, London. Her father was William Ward, a haberdasher and her mother was Ann Oates.troubled with asthma from youth, she was reserved by nature and read widely. In 1787,

Environmental Pollution Essay Example for Free

Environmental Pollution Essay 1. Effects on Climate Land pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, greenhouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control. 2. Extinction of Species One of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive. 3. Biomagnification Biomagnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methylmercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does biomagnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid. 4. Effects on Biodiversity Species extinction and biomagnification is going to overthrow the balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in the food chain. To give you a very simple example on account of biomagnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more number of snakes! As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed going to affect a lot more things than we though it will. Hence, I leave you with some corrective measure you can take on a personal level to reduce land pollution. Encourage organic farming buy organic food. Proper garbage disposal separate your garbage before you give it to the garbage collector; and strictly say NO to plastic. Encourage recycling buy recycled products, notebooks, paper, etc. Restrict use of herbicides and pesticides they are not only used in farm, but in your own backyard as well. If we reduce our contribution to garbage and litter, therein itself we will be able to significantly reduce land pollution and probably curb it entirely in the near future. Also do realize this isnt only about land pollution; it is about all kinds of pollution. We need to take steps to prevent damaging our Earth. We have no other place to go. Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-land-pollution.html

Haimons Covert Scheme Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haimon has a certain tendency to be overlooked in Sophocles’ Antigone. At first he appears to be a minor character, an accessory to the overt conflict occurring between Kreon and Antigone. We see Haimon supporting his father, but soon thereafter in conflict with him. Haimon expresses disregard for the life of his cold bride to be, yet is defined as being driven by lust. Several questions come up: who does Haimon really support, what drives his actions, and what is his ultimate intent? Unraveling these issues is a tricky task, but what we find is Haimon is far more than an accessory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haimon is introduced in third-person, making his character easily overlooked and marginalized from the start. Ismene says â€Å"oh dearest Haimon, how your father dishonors you,† yet he isn’t even present (573). When Haimon does enter, his father assumes he knows of the situation, meaning he had time to plot his actions. Haimon begins by showing Kreon that he is really on his side, a very common technique for disagreement that can be found in such books as Dale Carnegie’s. The general idea is to start by wining a person’s favor so he will be more open to criticism later. It not uncommon to hold the view that Haimon isn’t using such a technique but actually does support Kreon, however there are problems with such a view. Haimon says an interesting ambiguous statement: â€Å"your judgments, being good ones, guide my path aright† (636). The ambiguity is subtle, but it can imply Haimon follows only when Kreon’s judgment is good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As of yet no disagreement has surfaced, but when it does it also shows a degree of planning. Haimon maintains distance from saying his father is wrong, by mentioning that the city favors Antigone’s actions and â€Å"things might also turn out well some other way† (687). Haimon then presents a parable: â€Å"on a ship, if he who holds the power strains the rigging tights and does not yield, he turns his rowing benches over and completes his voyage upside down† (715). The refinement of the parable does not imply an improvised remark but something premeditated. At this point the reader should ask what motivated this change in Haimon’s views – or was it even a change at all? Within a short span of time Haimon’s stated views change, but there is no clear motivator for the change. Perhaps that... ...character, to consider motivation and intent. Changes in a character’s view don’t occur spontaneously, motivation for change or previous deception regarding the view must be considered. If one moment Haimon supports Kreon and the next opposes him, what causes this change? Likewise, the reader should consider what the character is doing while not the focus of attention. Haimon knew about the events that were unraveling, what can he plan while the focus is elsewhere? Ambiguous terms factor greatly into an interpretation of Haimon’s motivation. Lust and passion are associated with women, but can just as easily be applicable to power or money. Looking at these issues combined we can answer the original questions; whom does Haimon support, what drives his actions, and what is his ultimate intent? Haimon does not support Kreon; he does support Antigone’s views, but is not bothered by threats of her death. As the chorus states, Haimon is driven by lust, but t his lust is for power rather than for Antigone. Combine these issues together and what we find is Haimon’s intent – he seeks to exploit a situation where Kreon is in poor standing to fulfill his lust for power by taking the throne.

An Evaluation of Blood Brothers

Blood Brothers is about two twins who are separated at birth. One is sold and one is kept. They then meet later on but do not know they are twins until ‘the day they die'. It is told throughout the play, by the interventionist narrator, with songs as soliloquy's, to assist telling the story and explaining the characters thought and feelings. One key theme throughout is superstition. It starts with Mrs Johnstone and her superstitious nature but then develops throughout the narrative as Mrs Lyons then becomes superstitious and things, happenings start to evolve around the superstitious nature. It begins to affect the play, as the characters start to behave differently, Mrs Lyons as she approaches a mental breakdown changes and her change in behaviour is effected by the superstition of having a sold child, and not only a child but a twin, if ever two twins shall meet and know of there brother hood both shall die on that same day. The portrayal of all the characters was extremely good. Especially Mickey. Played by the understudy; Richard Munday. His portrayal of the character I thought was incredible, I knew being a professional actor he would be good and good at playing small children but I was very, very surprised. The way he portrayed his character was (to me) extraordinary. His use of body language was great, the way he moved and walked and talked you could see his seven year old character shining through, so clearly I was amazed, that anyone could use such simple things to completely change their persona. They way he changed from a small child to a teenager, was great, everything changed about him except his true character and Mickey was still very much there, you could just see he had grown up. His character changing in age helped me understand the story more, I knew they grew up but seeing his age and character change and his relationships with different people I understood, the later themes in the play. Mickey and Eddie growing up with Linda. I could really see there relationship change as Linda fell in love with Mickey, his maturity was funny, the way he acted around her but it was distinctively different from when he was a younger child. His body language, speech but most of all the atmosphere was very different between the characters as they grew up especially Mickey's towards Linda. Another character that surprised me was the teacher played by Paul Dallison who played the teacher. The transaction between the two different teachers was really good and surprised me. As well as very good (and quick) change of costume, the change in body language, voice and facial expression was extraordinary. As the posh teacher he was very smart and spoke very properly, articulating all words, standing up straight and being very respectable, then changing to the scruffy, worn down, teacher, who speaks very commonly, body language and posture change is very evident, he slumps, showing wariness and exasperation. His portrayal of the two different characters is great; the very quick change makes it even more impacting. The interventionist narrator plays a very important role in Blood Brothers. Throughout the play he tells the story, but a lot more than that. Being an interventionist narrator he intervenes and interferes with the characters and the play. Simply by bringing on most of the set and props, he becomes a very important part of the play. As the play goes on he beings to affect the play more and interfere. When Mrs Johnstone agrees to sell Mrs Lyons one of the twins, the interventionist narrator hands Mrs Lyons the bible so as to make Mrs Johnstone swear upon it. This is a good example of when the narrator interferes. Not only this but he plays on the characters conscious, playing with their minds, this is where, the songs as soliloquies come in, the narrator whispering in the characters ears, telling them what's right, telling them what's wrong. This adds a lot of dramatic tension to the play, because the narrator becomes very influential. One of the most powerful drama techniques used in blood brothers is the action before narrative. It has such a powerful ending that at first I thought it would take away from that but from seeing it I understand that it doesn't and even gives more to the play and ending. It's all done in silence, which adds dramatic tension in its self because it leaves the audience thinking and questioning. Even though the audience know what happens at the end, it is still shocking when it comes. There is a lot of dramatic irony, the audience know that Eddie and Mickey are twins separated at birth but the characters do not; this adds great tension because every time something serious happens you begin to wonder if their going to find out their twins. This is a very simple yet affective device because it adds more layers to the complex plot but not in a bad way, it positively keeps the audience really attentive. The songs used throughout the play help to enhance the production and add effect. With the narrator being the characters conscious and playing with there minds. Using the songs as soliloquy's I thought was very powerful because it gives them more meaning and impact. Blood Brother being a play with songs and not a musical makes it better, because it not songs for the sake of it, it songs to convey feelings, emotions and happening making it more influential. Connecting to the audience in a different way entirely. They are more engaged and attentive. Listening for meaning and depth. There were many symbols used in blood brothers, the strongest of all being that blood brothers hand clasp. It being so strong and powerful, symbolising unity, love and bonds is used throughout the play. This helps to enforce the themes of unity and love which are shown throughout the play. The bond between Eddie and Mickey being blood brothers is the key symbolism of the hands clasping and is so powerful its and symbolic it's used to enhance the themes and messages throughout the play. The lighting is very impacting on the performance as it changes throughout the play, as the play open there is red lighting; this creates a very sombre feeling. The red being symbolic of blood and death, creates tension, mystery and fear. This helps to convey the mood of the play. The action before narrative begins the show, with the death of both twins; the red light adds great affect and setting to the mood of the scene, as it does throughout the play. The change in lighting from dark to light at different points in the play is well used, the lights darken a lot when the narrator speaks to add dramatic affect, to his normally powerful but solemn speeches, being and interventionist narrator, always interfering this adds greater affect making his role even more mysterious. The lighting when he hands Mrs Lyons the bible is very affective, the narrator in darkness with his back to the audience and his hand and Mrs Lyons spot lighted gives great affect like a grave idea or action being planted so darkly from the shadows. The lighting I think as well as adding affect, gives to the audiences' response more, so they enjoy the play to a greater extent. I thought the play was very, very powerful and I really loved it. You can tell that everything in the play is there for a reason, every prop and every lighting effect is obviously thought out, it adds so much effect and drama. Everything has a meaning and purpose, the play is very symbolic and influential. It has a very powerful ending, with a lot of dramatic potential. I thought Eddie and Mickey not finding out they were twins was very good, as it used a lot of dramatic potential, prolonging the drama, making the ending more impacting and shocking when it happened. I loved the entire play but I thought the ending was so unexpected that it made the play incredible and dominating.

A Comparison of Moral Views Essay

When we think of ancient philosophies, we immediately think of the early Greek philosophers. Among them were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, considered as the Fathers of Philosophy. Although they have different views on some certain aspects, we all know that they are the most influential thinkers not only during their respective times but today. This paper will focus on the similarities and differences of the moral and ethical views of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates believed that self-knowledge will meet the conditions of having a good life. For Socrates, knowledge and virtue are of the same category. If a person could not learn knowledge, he cannot learn virtue. With this, he argued that virtue can be taught. â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† Socrates believed that the pursue of knowledge and wisdom should always come first before any private interests. For him, seeking knowledge is in accordance to ethical and moral actions. Socrates, considered to be the greatest philosopher of all time, assumed that reason will lead to the good life. He believed that the real happiness a person achieved was influenced mainly by doing what seems to be right. When a person’s true value and function is found, he will achieve happiness. The Socratic ethics can be categorized as teleological in nature. We humans act towards the good and these actions naturally have their purposes. Plato, like all the early philosophers, based his beliefs on ethics on virtues and human well-being. Plato’s beliefs on happiness diverged significantly from other philosopher’s views. Due to this, his time on describing his own concept of happiness was divided. He spent lots of time criticizing the customary beliefs of the good life. Plato also considered happiness as perfect and is not easily understandable since it is supported by metaphysical assumptions that appear to be vague and is impossible to be understood. The focuses on Platonic ethics are the problems and difficulties of an individual, not happiness as a factor of good-living. For Aristotle, ethical knowledge is considered to be a general knowledge and not a precise knowledge. He argued that ethical knowledge is not a theoretical discipline but rather practical in nature. Aristotle believed that to become good, a person should have experienced the actions of life and is in accordance to fine habits. He did not believe that merely studying virtues will make a particular individual virtuous. One should do righteous and honorable to be good and virtuous. Aristotle believed that reputation and respect only would give a person his happiness. He argued that an individual finds happiness by fulfilling his functions as a human being. For Aristotle, a human’s function is to utilize what he has that everything else does not, his capacity to think or reason, or logos. A person using his ability to reason fulfills his nature as a rational soul and therefore finds his absolute happiness. For me, Aristotle’s ethical philosophy is the most applicable and the most practical to adapt. Unlike Socrates’ belief that an individual will be virtuous if he studies the virtues, Aristotle believed that one should act good to be good – not by merely studying how to be good nor what is good. Plato, on the other hand, focused on what should not be done in order to make a person’s life good. Aristotle argued that understanding what is good does not make a person good. So I think, Aristotle’s concept on morality stands among the three of them, just like the saying goes â€Å"Actions speak louder than words.†

St Francis of Assisi essays

St Francis of Assisi essays Saint Francis of Assisi Saint Francis of Assisi was born in Assisi Italy in 1182. Francis was originally named Giovanni Francesco Bernardone and never received a formal education. Instead as the son of a wealthy merchant Francis led a worldly and carefree life He found his way into a battle between Assisi and Perugia and was captured and held as a prisoner for over a year While a prisoner Francis developed a severe illness It was during this ilness that Francis decided to alter his way of life When well enough Francis returned to Assisi He performed charities among the less fortunate and restored damaged churches These actions caused Francis father to reject him being a man who put money above all else Francis then gave all of his possessions to his father and devoted his time to caring for outcasts and lepers of Mount Subasio Francis also restored the ruined church of Santa Maria degli Angeli He held mass there for the outcasts that were not allowed in the other churchesone day during mass Francis heard a voice telling him to go into the world and to possess nothing but do good everywhere Doing just that Francis found himself preaching in Assisi later in the year He gathered about him twelve disciples who became the brothers of the First Order of Franciscans, with Francis as their superior Francis later accepted a young woma Clare into The Franciscan Order She went on to establish the Order of the Poor Ladies which later became known as the Second Order of Franciscans Francis attempted to travel to the Holy Land in 1212 but did not make it His missionary work in the late 1210s was anything but successful He was able to reach the Holy Land in 1220 He wanted to become a martyr and was proud to hear that five Franciscan friars were murdered while carrying out their duties He returned to Assisi to find dissension in the ranks of the friars He resigned as their...

Merchant of Venice Critical Essay

Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Merchant of Venice is of the most popular plays written by Shakespeare. Undoubtedly, every literature teacher includes this play into the syllabus. Below is a short sample Merchant of Venice critical essay written by our writer. This sample essay is a good example of professional writing. Our essay blog has numerous free sample essays on plays by Shakespeare. One of the main disadvantages of the free samples is lack of originality and unrestricted access. If you want to get an original critical essay on Merchant of Venice written from scratch specially for you, you have found the right site to get help - writers will not let you down! We can handle all types of assignments and we are never late with paper delivery. Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Sample One of the most persistent and pernicious factors in confusing the interpretation of The Merchant of Venice is the common assumption that the play is built around a race theme. This assumption has thrust the racial problem into the foreground of the play. It has implied that the very introduction of Shylock inevitably necessitated a choice of sides in a lively and pressing social controversy. And from it has sprung the interminable discussion of Shakespeare's alleged sympathy or antipathy for the Jew. That Shakespeare intended, or could have intended, a deliberate defense of the Jew has been effectively controverted in E. E. Stoll's exhaustive study of Shylock. Therein he has established beyond reasonable doubt the existence in England of a common tradition of antisemitic prejudice, and has adduced abundant evidence-of its persistence throughout the Renaissance. This prejudice clearly conceived of the Jew as an object of distrust, dislike, and contempt. To assume that Shakespeare departed radically from the common convictions of his time is to deny the known facts about the man. To assume that he ignored the sentiments of his audience to champion a disreputable cause is to impugn his intelligence as a practical playwright, to set at defiance all probability, to commit a critical anachronism, and, finally, to contradict the patent evidence of the play itself. Unfortunately, in his laudable work of demolition Professor Stoll has gone to the opposite extreme of assuming the prevalence in Shakespeare's time of a rampant and energetic antisemitism. Unless I misinterpret him, he would have one believe that the average Elizabethan nursed an active grudge against the Jew which found congenial expression in the popular sport of Jew-baiting. Accordingly the contemporary dramatist could count upon the insulting of a Jew to prompt a round of spontaneous applause, and the protracted humiliation of a Jew to provide the Elizabethan equivalent of a Roman holiday. In consequence of this assumption Professor Stoll interprets Shylock as a comic figure and finds much of his conduct somewhat amazingly ludicrous. The hypothesis of the persecuted Jew has found favor with most of the Jewish writers upon Shakespeare. It has served as a text for miscellaneous lamentation over Elizabethan injustice and the particular damage to the race wrought by Shakespeare's play. Unfortunately no very conclusive evidence has come forth to support the hypothesis. Evidence there is that Jews were persecuted in England prior to their banishment in 1290; that the Middle Ages were hostile to Jews; that enmity toward the Jew persisted in European countries throughout the Renaissance; and that agitation arose in England during the decade preceding the readmission of the Jews in 1653. Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Custom Writing Looking for custom written essay? Want to get truly professional essay help? Get it here! Our writers are working hard writing a critical essay! We offer essay writing from scratch as well as editing services. Our writing services are affordable.

Hell-Heaven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hell-Heaven - Essay Example Aparna was â€Å"even in her bleakest hours of homesickness she was grateful that my father had at least spared her a life in the stern house of her in-laws, where she would have had to keep her head covered with the end of her sari at all times and use an outhouse that was nothing but a raised platform with a hole† (DiYanni 350). Aparna’s husband and she were thrown together by chance. This part of her life was one of her metaphorical Hells. a release for Aparna. Since the outings were supervised by the narrator, Aparna’s husband felt â€Å"freed from the sense of responsibility he must have felt for forcing her to leave India† (DiYanni 351). Although the narrator did not realize it at the time, she later came to the realization that â€Å"It is clear to me now that my mother was in love with him† (DiYanni 351). Aparna had more in common with Pranab Kaku than with her husband. For example, â€Å"They had in common all the things she and my father did not: a love of music, film, leftist politics, poetry† (DiYanni 350). This relationship was Aparna’s Heaven. Another Hell for Aparna was the foreign atmosphere of America. Even in America Aparna wore Indian clothes. The narrator wrote, â€Å"given that my mother was wearing the red and white bangles unique to Bengali married women, and a common Tangail sari† (DiYanni 348). Aparna clung to her old Indian ways. She constantly chided Usha about the Bengali ways. Aparna admonished, â€Å"Don’t think you’ll get away with marrying an American, the way Pranab Kaku did† (DiYanni 356). The balancing act of raising an Indian daughter in America was Hell for Aparna. Bangladesh was Heaven for Aparna. That is why Aparna fell in love with Pranab Kaku, not for who he was, but what he represented. Pranab Kaku reminded Aparna of â€Å"cheerful songs of courtship, which transformed the quiet life in our apartment and transported my mother back to

In sociology, why do we think of the work of Karl Marx as 'conflict Essay

In sociology, why do we think of the work of Karl Marx as 'conflict theory' - Essay Example However, this was first presented as an official theory by Karl Marx—who laid the groundwork for a number of social movements that would redefine history. From a sociological standpoint, what is meant when Karl Marx’s theory is referred to as a â€Å"conflict theory†? Usually, when one thinks of Karl Marx, he automatically conjures up thoughts of conflict theory. Why is this so? The reason is that—in some circles—Marx is thought to be â€Å"†¦the founder of conflict theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Henslin, 2007, pp. 28). Social conflict theory, is, in a nutshell, that in society, there are the rich and the poor—and that the rich are the powerful who usurp many of the resources and exploit the poor in order to gain more wealth. Marx’s theory was a wake-up call to the masses. For Marx, capitalism did not mean progress; rather, it was a scourge on the conscience of modern man, a man who was detached from the community and the communal struggl es surrounding him. Marx â€Å"†¦often saw social conflict as rooted in private ownership†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bartos and Wehr, 2002, pp. 40). The difference between the haves and the have-nots has always been a pressing social issue, becoming even more so when capitalism was the governing system. This is the kind of dominance that social theory rails against. Marx’s main idea was that the community should struggle together. The community should suffer together. ... Communist ideology gained popularity throughout the Cold War. Vladimir Lenin adopted the ideology as his own strategy to not only have the people contribute to the estate communally, but also to empower the economy of the Russian state. â€Å"Leninism was presented as the correct theory and practice of Marxism and as the theory of scientific communism, incorporating the dictatorship of the proletariat†¦Marx’s critique[s] were also reformulated as societal laws of development that fed into the study of class relations [and] production†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lowes, 2006, pp. 158). The notion that the working class was the one in control was the main staple of Communism. The people were the ones in control. â€Å"The working class had to ‘conquer’ its freedom under the flag of the Communist party† (Weitz, 1997, pp. 250). People did not own any possessions. No religious expression was allowed, and very strict laws of ethics were followed. Communism was an experim ent that failed—badly. Mann (2002) states, â€Å"Communist governments — many of them led by men trained in Moscow — are in command of nations ruling almost 800 million people† (pp. 115). There are still Communist countries existing today. â€Å"There remain at least some common features among the five remaining Communist states—China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam—although the differences between, for example, China and North Korea are enormous† (Brown, 2009, pp. 3). Many of the people in these countries subsist in squalor and have little economic or collective bargaining power. This is where socialism becomes an alternative option. Even though people may not like the idea of a Communist government, socialism

International Human Resourse Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Human Resourse Management - Essay Example (Friel, 2005) It is important for the better operations of HR management that it keeps changing and evolving according to the changing needs of employees and workforce itself. It becomes particularly more central when the organizations operates or intends to operate internationally. Since the past decade, there are a number of factors that are motivating organizations to go global, these includes the Global population Changes, Economic interdependence, Regional and Political Alliance, and rapid advancement of telecommunications and swift transfer of information. Across the globe, population growth in developed and industrialized countries is decreasing, such as the European Union (EU), the United States and Japan. This decline in birth rates results in more of an aging population and that further results in lesser number of workers as well as consumers. On the other hand, in countries like China, India, Africa, Australia and other regions of the world, the population grows significantly. It is for this reason companies think of going global and have internationally established operations, by exploiting the growing, highly-potential customer base. (Cascio, 2003) Second reason why companies go global is the increasing economic interdependence. Despite of global recession, the four largest economies of the world are U.S., Japan, China, and Germany. Therefore, organizations in other countries take it as an opportunity and expand. Another driving force is the rapid advancement of telecommunications and technology. The worldwide intensification of Internet is making the information flow from one to another easier and quicker. Today, Satellite technology exists in the villages of India, China, Africa and Latin America. U.S. economy would have pulverized without the support of chips, screens and software from Asia. With this turning of

Importance of a Crime Analysis Unit

Importance of a Crime Analysis Unit Crime analysis is not a new concept, as police officers have searched for ways to discover patterns and similarities between incidents for years. Furthermore, crime analysis has become a progressively common component in many police organizations. An increasing number of departments have allocated additional personnel to assume the role of crime analyst. Further, a number of police departments have established special units to perform crime analysis. In general terms, crime analysis deals with the collection and analysis of data relating to a criminal incident, offender, and target. Recently, there has been a shift from reactionary policing to proactive policing. Crime analysis does just that, it addresses the causes of crime and disorder overall preventing criminal activity before it ever occurs. Crime analysis is easily used in conjunction with community policing and problem-oriented policing, as they all have the same goal of preventing criminal activity before its too late (Gibli n, 2006). Analysis stands out amongst the best and most effective tools available to support law enforcement agencies today. Crime analysis is an effective and necessary constituent for both community and problem-oriented policing. Data collection is useless unless it is easily comprehended and relates to a case. The analysis of data not only puts an entire puzzle together, but it reveals what pieces are missing as well. Ultimately, crime analysis arranges information in such a way that it guides its departments towards prosecutorial achievement. Having a crime analysis function could fulfill the analytical needs related to problem-oriented policing. Basically, crime analysis coincides with any agencys contingency agenda and is an essential asset (Giblin, 2006). This paper is a proposal of guidelines revealing just how critical it is for this department to establish and maintain a Crime Analysis Unit. Mission, goals and objectives The mission of this crime analysis unit will be facilitating situational awareness and assisting out police officers with crime reduction efforts. The results of crime analysis will be generated to assist our officers with understanding their jurisdictions environment, as well as guide them in implementing specific strategies for crime reduction (Santos, 2012). The goals of this crime analysis unit will be to uncover vital pieces of intelligence from within huge quantities of data and to distribute this information to officers and investigators in the field, overall assisting their efforts in apprehending criminals and eliminating criminal activity. Additionally, analysis of crime is an essential tool when it comes to establishing crime prevention efforts. The cost benefit analysis shows that preventing crime costs less than apprehending, or trying to apprehend, criminals subsequent to the crime occurring (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The overall objective of this crime analysis unit is to transform data into actionable intelligence on crime series, patterns, trends, etc. in order to support the department with preventing criminal acts from ensuing for both short and long term problems. Role of Analysis within the Department The role of analysis in this department is to assist with the overall intelligence, investigative, and planning activities. The crime analysis unit will analyze crime for a number of reasons. The analysts within the unit will allow this department to benefit from the wealth of information that exists in law enforcement agencies, the criminal justice system, and the public domain. The unit will also analyze crime to make the most of the limited law enforcement resources and to update our officers on general and precise crime trends, patterns, and series in a continuous, timely manner. Further, the crime analysis unit will be able to access crime problems beyond the local jurisdiction to pull from and assist fellow law enforcement agencies. On top of that, the analysts will be proactive in discovering and thwarting crime problems, as well as matching the departments efforts to the demands of an ever-changing society (Giblin, 2006). The crime analysis unit will ensure this department incorporates a geographic, spatial, and local focus that stresses the importance of incorporating crime-mapping techniques into departmental management, analysis, and enforcement procedures (Giblin, 2006). The unit will keep officers updated with critical information via crime bulletins, briefings, and a variety of intelligence reports. The analysts will also support officers and investigators in the field by identifying crime problems in their jurisdiction and assisting with short and long term prevention efforts utilizing the SARA model. The analysts will ensure they support the field both tactically and strategically. Although some crime analysis units solely produce crime statistics or only profile criminals, this unit will conduct a wide range of tasks in order to fully support field operations (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The Crime Analysis Unit will also have an advanced and easy to comprehend software program as well. This program will be able to create statistics based off of inputted data, and will feature other tools like crime-mapping and an automated crime trend generator. With this database, even the entry-level analysts will be able to input data and generate basic reports. Analysts will also have knowledge on and be able to operate a geographic information system (Santos, 2012). Staffing A Senior Analyst will be in charge of the crime analysis unit and will be responsible for the everyday actions and products of the crime analysis unit. This position will be held by an experienced analyst with knowledge of all capabilities of the crime analysis unit and will be the link between the leaders in the department and the crime analysts. Below the Senior Analyst will be two specialty analysts, each with their own mission and team of three members. One team will be led by a tactical specialty analyst and the other specialty analyst will be skilled at strategic analysis. Both of these specialty analysts will have knowledge of general analysis techniques as well. The tactical team will focus primarily on present day issues, such as crime patterns and short-term statistics. The strategic teams objective will be long term analysis, focusing on permanent problems within the community. Although the two teams are split with separate missions, all analysts will have the basic knowle dge of all duties of the unit. The members on each team will consist of two entry-level analysts and one experienced analyst. The entry-level analysts will be responsible for conducting routine crime analysis duties. The experienced analysts on both teams will produce more advanced analysis, to include conducting statistics and research methodologies (Santos, 2012). These analysts will also assist the entry-level analysts and teach them what they know. Procedures There are five generally recognized stages in crime analysis: collection, collation, analysis, dissemination, and feedback. To start the process, the assigned analysts will start collecting data from a variety of sources, such as police reports, field interviews, probation and parole reports, as well as open source data. Analysts will ensure the information is coming from only the departments jurisdiction, as they dont need to be analyzing other departments jurisdictions. This data will be entered into a computer software program which assists the analyst with sorting. Since new data is constantly being generated, our department will choose specific crimes they would like analyzed. The analysts will then organize and place the data into sub-categories under the specified crimes. Once the data is organized, it will be analyzed more thoroughly and turn it into timely, useful, and accurate information for distribution. The analysis procedure will assist in identifying subjects, identify ing MOs, recognizing linked cases, and profiling all involved parties. Once the data has been concentrated down into useful information, it is distributed to the crime analysis units customers. Primarily it goes to the patrol officers, investigators, and command staff, but can also be disseminated to media, citizens, other city government employees, and other law enforcement agencies if needed (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). Since new crimes happen every day, they need to be added to the ongoing collation and incorporated into the bigger picture. When done effectively, this interesting and challenging work allows you, the crime analyst, to help police officers do a better job in making communities safer. Training All analysts in the crime analysis unit are preferred to have police knowledge, proficient research abilities, and technological skills. Subsequent to being hired, the analysts will undergo more training than their basic background knowledge. have training on geographical information systems (GIS), in order for them to generate intelligence products. Crime-mapping, CompStat, profiling, .. REWORD: The International Association of Crime Analysts has and continues to work to develop standards for crime analysis as a career and its practice. They have developed a national certification process and a handbook that provides basic crime analysis knowledge needed for certification, as well as a certification training series (IACA, 2011). More recently, they have initiated a standards, methods, and technology committee with the purpose of defining analytical methodologies, technologies, and core concepts relevant to the profession of crime analysis (IACA, 2011). Quarterly and annual training will be conducted using resources from the International Association of Crime Analysts (IACA) and from the International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA) (Ratcliffe, 2004). Expected products Tactical crime analysis deals with the examination of recent criminal incidents and probable criminal activity through various methods (Santos, 2012). This type of analysis involves looking at data to produce intelligence on the where, when, and how of the crimes in order to aid field officers in pinpointing and interpreting certain, pressing crime problems. The objective of tactical crime analysis is to initiate a quick response to crime problems occurring in the present. The role of the crime analysts under the tactical team will be to identify current patterns of crime activities and forecast potential future crimes. The units tactical analysts will distribute information using a format known as pattern bulletin and include details such as suspect profiles, victim profiles, modus operandi (MO) factors, area type, day/time favored by the subject, and other elements that will assist in identifying the subject (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The analysts will also provide products such as time series charts, crime pattern bulletins, and BOLOs (Santos, 2012). Strategic crime analysis involves long-range issues and arranging for long-term plans. The two main goals of strategic crime analysis are to aid in the identification and examination of long-term issue and to assess responses to issues as well as organizational measures (Santos, 2012). The analysts on the strategic team will observe long-term crime trends. The analysts will utilize different types of products to provide information to a variety of people, from command staff to field officers, as well as the community to put out this information. These reports will provide information on the ongoing deviation in certain crime categories, victim categories, target locations, or other crime elements of interest (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). The products of strategic crime analysis come in the form of memos, quarterly reports and maps, yearly reports, special reports, and research, evaluation, and problem reports (Santos, 2012). Because strategic analysis deals more with long term analysis, the reports will be pushed out over longer periods of time compared to tactical analysis reports. Along with tactical and strategic analysis, the crime analysis unit will also be able to conduct administrative crime analysis. Administrative crime analysis delivers a variety of services such as summary data, statistics, and general trend intelligence to the department. These products will assist administrators when they assign community resources and/or aid in relating pertinent information to citizens on crime and disorder issues (Osborne Wernicke, 2003). Conclusion: Most agencies are transitioning to a tactical and strategic crime analysis focus, dedicated to helping patrol officers and investigators apprehend criminals as well as assisting in problem-oriented and community policing efforts. References Giblin, M. J. (2006). Structural elaboration and institutional isomorphism: The case of crime analysis units. Policing, 29(4), 643-664. doi:13639510610711583 International Association of Crime Analysts (IACA). 2011. Professional training series. Retrieved from http://www.iaca.net/training.asp Osborne, D., Wernicke, S. (2003;2013;). Introduction to crime analysis: Basic resources for criminal justice practice (illustrat ed.). GB: Routledge Ltd. doi:10.4324/9780203463284 Ratcliffe, J. H. (2004). Crime mapping and the training needs of law enforcement. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 10(1), 65-83. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/222839188?accountid=8289 Santos, R. B. 2012. Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping, 3rd Edition. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781483302270/ http://journals.sagepub.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doi/full/10.1177/1043986214525080 https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0271-pub.pdf (?)