Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Drug Testing In Schools. The Topic Of Random Drug Testing

Drug Testing in Schools The topic of random drug testing has been a very controversial one, especially in the last few years. RSDT (random student drug testing) made a rise in popularity after being legalized by the United States Supreme Court in 2006. This ruling made testing students who participate in extracurriculars or drive to school able to be tested for illegal drug abuse. This court decision is like many others in the aspect that some strongly agree and others heavily disagree. One side of opinions agrees with the court s ruling and believes that RSDT programs help prevent drug abuse among the student population. Other people think that the programs infringe on the rights of students and offer no usefulness in the fight against†¦show more content†¦It is important to note that if a student is caught with drugs in their system, rehabilitation and restriction of extracurriculars are the repercussions. These people also argue that the tests are not too expensive. Thirt y dollars or less was the pre-program cost; this data held true for 91 percent of surveyors. In contrast to the people who believe that drug testing is helpful and necessary in schools, others have a sharp difference in opinions. These people think that â€Å"random drug testing is not associated with a change in the numbers of students who use drugs in any category† (â€Å"Random Drug Testing Cannot Prevent Student Drug Abuse†). Disbelievers in the programs believe that they violate student rights and feed more money into the drug testing industry. It is also said that since the testing can only target students who participate in extracurriculars, students can easily get around the tests by simply not participating in those activities. Evidence of these accusations come from a study out of The University of Michigan called Monitoring the Future. This study showed little to no difference in drug abuse among students when comparing schools that participate in the RSDT and have similar demographic backgrounds. Non supporters also think the programs are ineffectiv e. These ideas are backed up by The Office of Management and Budget, where they deemed the programs ineffective in reducing youth drug use, violence, and crime. They also believe thatShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing Should Not Be Banned1285 Words   |  6 PagesDebate over drug testing students in school is very controversial. Drug testing students gives the school administration the power to drug test random students at any time. Various schools across the country have implemented these tests. Parents have very different views on this topic. Some believe that this gives the administration too much power. They also believe that these tests infringe on students rights. Other people believe that these tests are very helpful in decreasing the amount of studentsRead MoreYouth Drug Use And Addiction1677 Words   |  7 PagesYouth Drug Use and Addiction Youth in the United States face challenges every day, some more than others. These challenges can be difficult to navigate and can leave these young people finding alternative ways to cope with the stress that accompanies these challenges. According to CBS News reports a recent survey indicates approximately two million teens between the ages of 12 and 17 currently need treatment for a substance abuse problem, but only about 150,000 get the help they need. This highRead MoreArgument Essay Random Drug Testing859 Words   |  4 PagesARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM DRUG TESTING Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. 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Dr. Ozminkowki claims that â€Å"Over 80% of the large employers in the United States use some form of testing to detect drug use† (Ozminkowski et al. 151) Ever since drug testing was introduced in the 1980’s, there has been a debate over its use. Before this is discussed in detail, I will begin by defining drug testing. According to dictionary.com drug testing is â€Å"any test administered to detect the presence of drugs, esp. from a bloodRead More Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay3750 Words   |  15 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug testing has become a very big issue for many companies. Approximately eighty-one percent of companies in the United States administer drug testing to their employees. Of these, seventy-seven percent of companies test employees prior to employment. Even with the commonality of drug testing, it is still a practice that is generally limited to larger corporations which have the financial stability, as well as the human resources to effectively carry out a drug testing program. In the UnitedRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease is less fatal and is treated as a chronic disease (instead of a death sentence, as in the past). There are currently 1.2 million people living in the US with HIV (CDC, 2015). The highest rates transmitted through sexual intercourse or injection drug use through the exchange of bodily fluids (CDC, 2015). It is estimated that 25% of those living with HIV are women, and only 45% of those are engag ed in care (CDC, 2015; Duffus, Davis, Byrd, Heidari, Stephens, Gibson, 2012). Minority women, especially

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Persuasive Speech On Global Warming - 1554 Words

(Topic = Issue): Climate Change Title: Destroying the Atmosphere One Greenhouse Gas at a Time General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to help reduce climate change and stop deforestation by buying wood products from certified companies that help forests. Thesis Statement/Central Idea: Climate change is big problem in our world and we are cause, because of our human-induced climate change we are causing extreme weather all around the world, one solution to this problem is stopping deforestation, and we can do that through strong government enforcement of deforestation laws. Introduction I. (Attention Getter) 2016 was a record setting year for climate change. The first six months were the warmest that have†¦show more content†¦(Transition to Body) Since we all living on the Earth and contributing to climate change, let us find out what it is and how it is causing extreme weather. Body I. (Main Point = Need) According to NASA climate is made up of two things. Those two things are the climates of certain locations during the different seasons and the Earth’s climate which is a combination of all those different induvial climates. A) (Subpoint) Climate change is the change of climate in a locations usual weather during different seasons. Once all of these separate climates begin to change so does the Earth’s. 1) (Sub-subpoint) According to the EPA we are seeing rising levels in the Earth’s temperature, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and we are experiencing more extreme weather events. This climate change can be linked to extreme rises in manmade greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. 2) (Sub-sub-subpoint) From 1990 to 2014 we have seen an increase in manmade greenhouse gas levels by 7 percent. There are 4 main greenhouse gases that we are producing: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Fluorinated gases. 3) (Sub-sub-sub-subpoint) When we produce these gases they get trapped in the atmosphere. These gases absorb the heat that is radiatingShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech About Global Warming922 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: After listening to my speech, my audience will know how they can change their lives for a bigger challenge – to save the world. Thesis: Knowing what a problem nowadays is global warming, how CO2 gas affects it and how can we change it. Title: Lifestyle to make some changes INTRODUCTION I. Attention Material: Question â€Å"DoRead MorePersuasive Speech on Global Warming Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH ON GLOBAL WARMING by: Jennifer Zelmer Introduction: We all know about global warming, but do we really care or try to do at least some of the things that will help stop it or at least slow it down? 1) Over the last century our planets temp. has risen 1 degree. I know that doesnt sound like much but its been enough to melt a lot of the polar ice caps and glaciers. A) The hottest years ever recorded were in the late 1990s and early 2000s. B) In 2007 there wasRead MoreGlobal Warming - A persuasive speech1524 Words   |  7 Pagesstrive together to reduce our carbon emissions and†¦ save the planetBACKGROUND:Weve all heard about Climate Change and youve now heard me list some of its disastrous effects, but what exactly causes it? And what can we do about it?In a nutshell, global warming, known as climate change, is the heating up of our world. It is the result of huge amounts of CO2 being pumped into the atmosphere, via the burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil to produce power and electricity and thousands and thousandsRead MoreWhy Is It Important? How Your Audience As You Prepare Your Speech? Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is it important to analyze your audience as you prepare your speech? Everyone has different views, religion, values, attitudes and beliefs as many will hold one more important than others and conflict with others. This leads the audience to biases in listening to the speaker therefore may not listen attentively or care about the speech. Thus as a speaker you must know your audience is as a person, their love, views, values, and beliefs to use it to entice them to listen and care. After all itRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Kristof792 Words   |  4 Pageswhich in turn makes his essay more persuasive. Aside from displaying and building a good ethos Nicholas also excelled in formulating an effective logos. Kristof shines in his development of his logos. He uses a plethora of different sources to construct his argument from many points of views. The main point that he is trying to make is that the carbon emissions from wealthy countries in the West are seriously damaging third world countries through global warming. Throughout his passage, NicholasRead MoreSpeech On Rising Sea Level Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pages 1. Why is it important to analyze your audience as you prepare your speech? Everyone has different views, religion, values, and beliefs as many will hold one more important than others and conflict with others. This leads the audience to biases in listening to the speaker therefore may not listen attentively or care about the speech. Thus as a speaker you must know your audience is as a person, their love, views, values, and beliefs to use it to entice them to listen and care. After all it is theRead MoreHybrid Cars1485 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantages over conventional cars. Introduction I. Here is an alarming statistic: According to the website GreenerCars.com, the United States is the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming (Open with impact/Gain attention). II. By clapping your hands, how many of you are as shocked as I was to learn this information? (Poll the audience/Respond). II. There are many ways to promote a cleaner Earth. However, today I will be specificallyRead MoreSpeech Outline On Nuclear And Mechanical Engineering2827 Words   |  12 PagesUnderwood From: Yakob Kassa Communications 1101 Baccalaureate of Science in Nuclear and Mechanical Engineering Idaho State University Re: Submission of persuasive speech outline The speech outline has been done following the sample outline for persuasive speech in principles of speech course supplement book on page 147 and implementing the persuasive skeleton outline format on page 146. The table of content will help navigate through the outline if you click on the desired section. Regards, YakobRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Persuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Title: Recycling General Purpose: To Persuade the audience Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to recycle materials for saving the Earth. Central Idea: You should recycle materials because it can help the Earth save i. Introduction (Attention) A. Attention getter – How many people read a paper on a daily bases? How many people throw it in the trash when they are done? How many people drink some sort of bottled drink throughoutRead MoreVegetarian Is The New Prius Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesswims except ships†. Nevertheless, I eat more fruit, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains but less meat to make careful choices for environmental protection. Similarly, Kathy Freston argues that animal agriculture is one of the top contributors to global warming. In her Huffington Post selection â€Å"Vegetarian Is the New Prius,† Freston lists how many emissions of greenhouse gases people make when they eat meat and illustrates the consumption of tree in animal agriculture. She effectively convinces her audiences

Monday, December 9, 2019

Young Blacks and the Crisis African-American Culture free essay sample

The crawls facing young blacks, also referred to as the hip hop generation, Is one that is multifaceted and contains various layers. Young Blacks today are being faced with a number of challenges within their community and within society as a whole. These challenges include, rising unemployment, racial profiling, high levels of incarceration, the AIDS epidemic, an increasing generation gap, as well as a growing education achievement gap.When coupling these many challenges with the glorification of drugs, violence, money, and the degradation of women that Is often remoter within the hip hop culture, the future of young blacks In todays society remains at-risk and in crisis. Therefore the question remains, how do we address the crisis facing African American youth today? There is no doubt that the answer to this question will not easy. We must first determine, who is this so-called hip hop generation, and look at the history and emergence of this generation of young people within Afric an American culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Blacks and the Crisis African-American Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We must then explore how this generation was shaped. What are the events and occurrences that have shaped this generation and contributed to the crisis this generation now faces? This includes an examination of the society, culture, politics, and pop culture of the sasss and sasss, which the hip hop generation grew up in. Once we examine and understand those issues that have fashioned this young generation of African Americans, we can then begin to explore solutions to the crisis that has negatively affected many of todays black youth.Although the challenges are many, so are the possibilities of overcoming the crisis many young Black people face. The solution Involves the African American community, as well as society as whole coming together to face the challenges this generation is battling. It involves an examination of public policy and a strong look at our government. And finally, it involves a serious critique of the hip hop culture and pop culture that have such a large influe nce on African American youth today. Who makes up the hip hop generation, and who does this demographic consist of?The term help hop generation Is used mostly to describe the generation growing up In the sasss and 1 buffs. Many have termed this group of young people as Generation X. However, when speaking specifically about young Black people, for many the term hip hop generation was much more fitting. One of the first coiners of the term was Baker Kitting, head editor of The Source: the magazine of hip-hop music culture and politics, during the sasss. Kitting defines the generation as those born between 1965-1984, basically those growing up In post-civil rights Black America (Sultana, 2002).Although hip hop music, culture, and politics have changed quite a bit over the almost 20 year span that makes up the hip hop generation, many of the issues and challenges facing this generation of young people have remained consistent. As Kitting noted, individuals may point to different defining vents, but all share a crystal cl ear understanding of coming of age in an era of post- segregation and global economics (Kitting, 2002). Essentially, the hip hop generation consists of Black youths that are aware of the progress that has been the struggle that remains for young African Americans living in todays society.Despite the progress made during the sasss Civil Rights Movement, young Black people are still faced with new forms of racism such a racial profiling and redlining. Additionally, they must deal with large disparities in employment and education in comparison to their white counterparts. The reality of such challenges have left Black youths feeling marginalia and unconnected to society as a whole, as they struggle to deal with the crisis before them. Let us now examine the challenges and issues that have impacted the coming of age and of the hip hop generation, and contributed to the crisis they face.Unlike their parents, who would be considered part of the Baby Boomer generation, the hip hop generation was shaped by events and public policy occurring after the civil rights movement. The segregation an d Jim Crow laws that were part of the coming of age for the baby boomer generation, was not experienced by the hip hop generation. Instead, the hip hop generations coming of age was influenced by more subtle forms of racism and discrimination, such as racial profiling. The emergence of racial profiling can be heavily contributed to the Reagan administrations well known War on Drugs beginning in the sasss.This public policy debacle had a very large hand in birthing racial profiling practices that still exist today. Racial profiling is based on the idea that most drug offenses are committed by minorities (Harris, 1999). Contrary to what many may believe the majority of drug traffickers are not mostly Black. In an UCLA special report Harris noted that, according to the governments own reports, 80% of the country cocaine users are white, and the typical cocaine user is a middle class, white suburbanite. But law enforcement tactics that concentrated on inner city drug trade were visibly filling the Jails and prisons with minority drug law offenders, feeding the misconception that most drug users and dealers were Bla ck and Latino. Thus a drug courier profile with unmistakable racial overtones took hold in law enforcement. (Harris, 1999) This drug courier profile served as the basis for unwarranted stops ND searches of vehicles driven by people of color as well as the unwarranted stops and searches of Black people in malls, airports, and even on the streets.This practice of racial profiling led to a disproportionate number of young Blacks being arrested and imprisoned during the sasss and sasss. A study by the Justice Department showed that at the state level the number of Blacks incarcerated for drug offenses increased 707% between 1985 and 1995, compared to only 306% of Whites (Kitting, 2002). By 1996 62% of drug offenders admitted to state prisons were Black, compared to 36% that were White. This disproportionate number of young Blacks being incarcerated has tremendously affected the hip hop generation in a major way.The staggering number of young Black that are incarcerated, has led to a negative image of crystallization as related to Black youth. Since so many Black youth are imprisoned, it is easy to assume that they must also be the ones committing the most crimes. Thus more minorities are arrested, convicted, and Jailed, feeding into the aforementioned drug courier profile, resulting in more arrests of minorities, and perpetuating the stereotype that most crimes are committed by Black people (Harris, 999). As this cyclical pattern continues, it is also strengthened by the medias unfair portrayal of Blacks as criminals.According to Kitting (2002), a 2001 study found that Being that many Americans depend on the news as a source of information, they are continually being misled about young Black people and their association with crime. In addition to the disproportionately high incarceration of young Blacks, there is also a disproportionately high number of Black unemployed youth, contributing to the crisis among those in the hip hop generation. In the article, The Black-White Jobless Gap, Simms and McDaniel report that only one in three of Blacks between the ages of 16 and 24 have a Job, while only 16% of Whites are unemployed (Simms and McDaniel, 2010).These disproportionate figures can mostly be attributed to the lack of education or achievement gap that exists between young Whites and Blacks. Unfortunately, many young African Americans in the sass lacked the education needed to compete in a growing global society, and unfortunately this cycle continues, as statistics show that 20-30% of Black males drop out of school prior to graduation (Encourage, 1997) Therefore, they were forced to low-skilled, low-paying bobs, which were few and far between.Those growing up in the hip hop generation simply did not have the opportunities their parents had as unskilled workers, having the opportunity to work in the steel, rubber, and automotive industries. By the time the hip hop generation began to enter into the workforce, many of these industries had dried up. According to Dry. Pedro Encourage (1997), studies have shown that Black males in particular are widely viewed as less desirable employees and therefore are substantially less likely to be hired in most Jobs. The rise of unemployment only led o a rise of poverty among many hip hop generations, thus contributing to the growing n ormalization and disenfranchisement of Black youth. As feelings of normalization grew due to racial profiling, the crystallization of young Blacks, and the lack of employment opportunities, many young Blacks began to turn to a life of crime. With no viable employment aspects, many youths turned to the underground drug market as the only way to survive as poverty in many inner cities continued to increase.This led to an increase in gang activity and drug trade. Unfortunately, many African American youths felt they could do better financially in the drug trade than in mainstream society (Kitting, 2002). The street gang mentality spilled over into the prison population of young Blacks. As more Black youth were incarcerated, there was a rise of prison gangs. Soon the difference between Black street gangs, Black prison gangs, and Black youth culture in general was difficult to differentiate, thus contributing to the crystallization of young Blacks.Soon the line was indistinguishable even for hip hop generations, leading many young Black youth to associate criminality with Blackness (Kitting, 2002). This can largely be attributed to the changing face of hip hop music and culture. As hip hop culture evolved (more specifically) rap music, the glorification of gangster life became more and more popular. Aspects of gang and prison life quickly made its way into rap lyrics, and as hip hop culture became more commercialism, this gangster mentality eventually made its way into mainstream society, thus influencing more and more members of the hip hop generation.In addition to rap music and lyrics, the emergence of Black hood films, which perpetuated drugs and violence, were on the rise between 1991 and 2001 (Kitting, 002). Unfortunately, many of these films Just perpetuated the stereotypes already such as Boys in the Hood, and Menace to Society, while praised for shedding light to many of the issues affecting everyday inner city Black youth, are also criticized for the excessive and graphic violence they portray.Many of these movies only contribute to the alienation of young Blacks in society. Seeing violence and crime as the only way of life (as portrayed through these movies) only leads to a sense of acceptance of violence and criminal behavior as part of the Black youth culture. In addition to the crises situations caused by incarceration, unemployment, lack of education, and glorification of violence, there is also a noticeable discord between male and female Black youths that contributes to the crisis among the hip hop generation.Rap music and hood films have not only contributed to the normalization of Black youths from society, but have also contributed to the rift or Battle of the sexes between young Black males and females. Degrading terms such as Hoe, and Pitch, have repeatedly been used to describe African American women in hip hop culture. The film New Jack City is a prime example of the degradation of women, as women in the movie were viewed as less valuable than drugs and money (Kitting, 2002). Women are continually disrespected and degraded throughout the film.Additionally, this type of mentality is ever present in numerous rap lyrics that continually depict young Black women as hoes, creekers, and tricks. Many of the negative sentiments betwee n young Black women and young Black men of the hip hop generation came to a head in 2004 during Seaplane Colleges protest of rapper Knells Tip Drill video, played regularly on BETs late night died program, Uncut. (Watkins, 2005). The video is filled with images of women simulating sex, dancing naked, and overall being degraded by men. Knells Tip Drill video caused an uproar on the campus of Seaplane University in Atlanta.The women of Seaplane staged a protest against the video that gained national attention. Even more importantly, the protest exposed a much deeper rift between young Black males and females of the hip hop generation. It brought to light the divide ever present divide between the sexes as women struggled to fight the women-hating inclinations associated with hip hop music and film (Watkins, 2005). Unfortunately this hatred and contempt toward young Black females from young Black males spills over into youth Black culture, thus adding yet another facet to growing crisis among Black youths. So, where do we go from here?How do hip hop generations begin to reverse the crisis that has affected them for so long? I believe the answer is hip hop. Just as hip hop has the ability to negatively impact image and treatment of young Black men and women, it also has the ability to positively impact the lives of young Black Americans and Black culture in general. It has been argued that music is one f the most influential instruments in shaping the country. Even politicians have turned to musicians to help their political campaigns, recognizing the large impact artists within the music industry have on mainstream society.Hip hop has proven to be a part of that impact and influence found within the music industry. As Kitting noted in his book, The Hip Hop Generation (2002), Rapper Chuck D of the group Public Enemy went as far as to describe rap music as the the Black CNN. Hip hop proved during the sasss that its presence was real and was being felt across America as it came an accep ted and acknowledged as part of American pop culture, and not Just youth culture to a national audience, it also sets the tone for Black youth culture. Kitting, 2002). With such National and Worldwide acceptance, one can only conclude that such a phenomenon has the ability to affect change. Just as Hip hop culture has had a hand in contributing to the crisis facing young Blacks, it can also have a hand in repairing the plight of Black youth culture. As Kitting (2002) suggests in his book, a united front could challenge the rap industry to finally resolve the issue of hip-hops responsibility to Black cultural integrity. Instead of Just a handful of conscious rappers like Common and Queen Latish, more artists must step up their lyrical content so that socially responsive lyrics are as prominent in rap lyrics as those degrading lyrics that perpetuate the racial stereotypes that plaque Black youth culture today (Kitting, 2002). In addition to industry leaders and rappers, Black youth culture and society as whole must step up and begin to hold rappers accountable for their lyrical content, Just as the women of Seaplane College did with Knells Tip Drill video.Rappers and filmmakers will never accept responsibility if we do not hold them accountable for their degrading lyrics and stereotypical feature of young Black people in their music and films. We must also not forget that politicians must also be scrutinized and examined closely as they introduce new forms of legislation and public policy that also contribute to the disenfranchisement of young African Americans. Public policy initiatives such as the sasss War on Drugs and mandatory minimum sentencing that only contribute to the crisis facing young Black people must be criticized and protested against Just as much as degrading rap lyrics.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Treatening Ebola Virus Essay Example For Students

Treatening Ebola Virus Essay In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused thedeath of 340 people. Fear gripped the victims faces, and uncertainty torturedtheir minds. The people of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in theirhomes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but there was no cure. They wereforced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violentdeath of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 to the present date of 1996,researchers have searched for origin and cure of the virus. Scientists havecarried out numerous studies and investigations, but no one has been able tofind the right explanations. Prevention of a world wide outbreak lies within theeducation of what the virus is capable of doing, how Ebola victims can beproperly treated , and by performing prompt action to isolate the virus beforeit has dispersed. The Ebola virus is a member of a family of RNA viruses know asfiloviruses. Marburg virus and four Ebola viruses: Ebola Zaire, Sudan, Restonand Tai are the five different viruses that have been known to cause disease inhumans, while Ebola Reston only causes disease within monkeys. Filoviruses,arenaviruses, flaviruses, and bunyaviruses are the viruses responsible forcausing viral hemorrhagic fevers. All forms of virus of viral hemorrhagic feverbegin with fever and muscle aches. These diseases usually progress until thepatient becomes very ill with respiratory problems, severe bleeding, kidneymalfunctions, and shock. The conclusions of the viral hemorrhagic fever canrange from a mild illness to death. Ebola viruses are spread though closepersonal contact with a person who is very ill with the disease. Usually thewide spread action of the virus takes place among hospital care workers orfamily members who were aiding an infected person. Ebola can spread by the reuseof hypodermic needles, which occurs frequently in underdeveloped countries likeZaire and Sudan, but it is unlikely to become infected by close contact with persons infected who show no symptoms. The Ebola virus spreads through the bloodand is replicated in organs, including the liver, lymphatic organs, kidneys,ovaries and testes. The central lesions appear to be those affecting thevascular endothelium and the platelets. The resulting symptoms are bleeding,especially in the nose, abdomen, pericardium and vagina. Capillary leakageappears to lead to loss of intravascular volume, bleeding, shock and the acuterespiratory disorder seen in fatal cases. Patients basically die of intractableshock. Those with severe illness often have fevers and are delirious, combativeand difficult to control. Some victims of the Ebola virus, one out of ten peopleinfected, survive the viruss deadly operations. Due to its self limitingnature, the Ebola virus is known to sometimes die out within a person beforekilling the host organism. Just like the history of wars and other socialepidemics, the Ebola outbreaks need to be remembered and learned from. The firsttw o Ebola outbreaks were in 1976, in the countries of Zaire and western Sudan. We will write a custom essay on Treatening Ebola Virus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These were large outbreaks, resulting in more than 550 cases and 340 deaths. In1979, Ebola mysteriously appeared in Sudan causing 34 cases and 22 fatalities. The most recent Ebola Zaire outbreak started with a surgery on a suspectedMalaria patient in Kikwit, Zaire on April 10, 1995. As in the 1976 outbreak,secondary transmission of the virus in Kikwit occurred though close personalcontact with infectious blood and other body fluids. Members of the surgicalteam then developed symptoms similar to those of a viral hemorrhagic feverdisease. The Ebola Zaire in Kikwit spread quickly, but investigation and controlof the outbreak come from a combined effort of medical teams from the Centersfor disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization,Belgium, France, and South African countries. Since July 1, 1995, 233 deathshave been reported among the 293 cases. So has the Ebola virus ever made it tothe United States? This question has come up in various letters to editors, andin FAQ (frequently asked questions) on the Internet. Truth is that in 1989monkeys infected with Ebola Reston were imported to Reston, Virginia from thePhilippin es. Importation of African Green and rhesus monkeys was immediatelybrought to a halt, and was not resumed until the virus responsible for the quickdeaths of these monkeys was analyzed. The scariest characteristic about theEbola Reston was that it was known to have been airborne, and that it wasefficiently killing the monkeys that had been imported form the Philippines (Palca,1990). Reston, Virginia and the 149 workers who came in contact with the monkeyswere grateful to find that the newly discovered Ebola Reston did not causedisease in humans. Of the 149 workers, none of the workers became ill and onlytwo developed antibodies for the Ebola Reston (Marjorie, 1990). The outbreaks of1976 and 1979 left no evidence to what might have been carrying the Ebola beforeit was passed onto humans. To this date no clues have been uncovered about wherethe virus hides between outbreaks. Collection of animal specimens is currentlyunderway in Kikwit, but the possible species in tropical Africa are s o numerousthat a long and lucky search is likely to be required. The Ebola Tai found onNovember 24, 1995 by a Swiss researcher in Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast), WestAfrica. The researcher caught the Ebola Tai from a chimpanzee while carrying outan investigation about a spate of deaths among local chimps of the Tai forest. .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .postImageUrl , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:visited , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:active { border:0!important; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:active , .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838 .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc9c997e6d82f104bd7e8ac0ca21fc838:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: System Architecture EssayWhen the Pasteur investigators examined tissue taken from the dead chimpanzee,they found that the animals spleen and liver contained large areas of necrotictissue resembling what had previously been found in autopsies of patients whoperished from Ebola Zaire and Sudan. Instant investigation of the 4200square-kilometer reserve of the Tai forest was launched, but to this day notrace to the location of Ebola has been found. The researcher was evacuated to ahospital in Switzerland where she recovered. The dedicated researcher has nowreturned to Ivory Coast to continue her work. During most of these outbreaks,field teams of researchers have captured mor e than 3,000 birds and mammals,including small rodents and several thousand possible insects. Material of theseanimals are now being processed for virus isolation. Blood samples of anestimated 64 suspected cases have also been serologically confirmed. Still tothis day, many questions like Where is Ebola originally from? andWill Ebola Zaire, Sudan, or Tai be able to become air- born? remaina mystery. Bibliographyhttp://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/5738/level2.html (Ebola VirusInformation Head Quarters)copyright 1999 and http://www.lfc.edu/~musilam/bio1.htmcopyright 1997Health Care